BLS DATA · 2024 UPDATE

WFH Transition Index

Which industries are doubling down on remote work — and which are forcing the Return to Office? Calculated from Bureau of Labor Statistics ATUS data using a year-over-year transition score.

17.2%

Avg US WFH Rate (2024)

95.8

Avg Transition Score

43.8%

Highest WFH (Tech)

Index Score formula: (WFH% 2024 ÷ WFH% 2023) × 100. Score > 100 = remote work growing. Score < 100 = Return-to-Office pressure. Source: BLS American Time Use Survey (ATUS) 2022–2023 annual publications; CPS 2024 monthly telework supplement (Jan–Dec avg). Key US_Labor_stats_API_KEY registered at bls.gov/developers for live data refresh.

WFH Transition Index — All Industries

14 major BLS industry groups · 2023 vs 2024 comparison

Sort by:
Industry2023 WFH%2024 WFH%ΔIndex ScoreTrend
Construction3.6%3.3%-0.3pp
91.7
RTO
Information & Technology47.2%43.8%-3.4pp
92.8
RTO
Public Administration24.8%23.1%-1.7pp
93.1
Mild RTO
Retail Trade5.8%5.4%-0.4pp
93.1
Mild RTO
Financial Activities32.6%30.4%-2.2pp
93.3
Mild RTO
Professional & Business Services38.1%35.6%-2.5pp
93.4
Mild RTO
Transportation & Utilities4.7%4.4%-0.3pp
93.6
Mild RTO
Leisure & Hospitality1.8%1.7%-0.1pp
94.4
Mild RTO
Agriculture & Natural Resources2.1%2%-0.1pp
95.2
Mild RTO
Educational Services28.4%27.2%-1.2pp
95.8
Mild RTO
Manufacturing7.4%7.1%-0.3pp
95.9
Mild RTO
Management of Companies19.4%18.7%-0.7pp
96.4
Mild RTO
Health Care & Social Assistance14.2%14.8%+0.6pp
104.2
Stable+
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation22.1%23.8%+1.7pp
107.7
Remote+

The RTO Leaderboard

Top 5 industries forcing employees back to the office vs. top 5 doubling down on remote work in 2024.

Return-to-Office Leaders

Lowest Transition Scores — strongest RTO pressure

#1
Construction-0.3pp drop
Score 91.7
#2
Information & Technology-3.4pp drop
Score 92.8
#3
Public Administration-1.7pp drop
Score 93.1
#4
Retail Trade-0.4pp drop
Score 93.1
#5
Financial Activities-2.2pp drop
Score 93.3

Remote Work Champions

Highest Transition Scores — doubling down on remote

#1
Arts, Entertainment & Recreation+1.7pp
Score 107.7
#2
Health Care & Social Assistance+0.6pp
Score 104.2
#3
Management of Companies-0.7pp
Score 96.4
#4
Manufacturing-0.3pp
Score 95.9
#5
Educational Services-1.2pp
Score 95.8

Remote Work Salary Arbitrage Calculator

Your nominal salary stays the same. Your real buying power changes dramatically when you move cities.

$

COL Index: 194 · Median Rent: $3,200/mo · State tax: 9.3%

COL Index: 103 · Median Rent: $1,450/mo · State tax: 0%

San Francisco

$61,856

Real buying power

Nominal: $120,000

Nashville

$116,505

Real buying power

Same nominal salary

Annual rent savings+$21,000
State income tax savings+$11,160
Total annual gain+$32,160

Shareable Insight

"Earning $120,000 in San Francisco while working remotely from Nashville is like getting a +88.3% real pay raise — without ever negotiating."

Source: WFH Transition Index · resource.skyrocketbpo.com

WFH vs. Commercial Office Vacancy: The Correlation

Metro areas with higher remote work adoption show significantly higher office vacancy rates. Bubble size = metro population. Pearson r = 0.87 (strong positive correlation).

Each bubble = one US metro areaBubble size = metro population

32.1%

San Francisco office vacancy
(WFH: 38.2%)

0.87

Pearson r correlation between
WFH rate and office vacancy

15.2%

Miami office vacancy
(WFH: 19.2%)

Data sources & methodology: Industry WFH percentages are derived from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) American Time Use Survey (ATUS) annual reports (2022 and 2023 editions) and the Current Population Survey (CPS) telework supplement (2024 monthly averages, Jan–Dec). The Transition Index Score is calculated as (WFH% 2024 ÷ WFH% 2023) × 100. Office vacancy rates are approximate figures sourced from JLL, CBRE, and CoStar Q4 2024 market reports. Cost-of-living indices are based on BEA Regional Price Parities and ERI salary data. All figures are estimates; consult original BLS publications for margin-of-error details. Last data review: May 2025.